Streaming vs. progressive download : Understanding the difference

One of the most frequently asked questions about delivering video online is – “What’s the difference between streaming video and progressive download?” As a user clicking a video link on a website, you will not often know which delivery method is being used, unless you do some poking around. Although the end result may look the same to the end user, streaming and progressive download are very different delivery methods, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. Here we will take a look at the two delivery methods and help you to decide which will work best for you.

Delivering a file via HTTP:

• Delivery of a file over HTTP is normally referred to as ‘progressive download’ or ‘http streaming’.
•  In reality, it is not streaming at all but a very simple bulk download of a video file to the end user’s computer.
•  A temporary copy of the video file is then stored on the local computer so that the viewer can watch the file over and over without having to download the file each time.

• Let’s assume you have a video file encoded at 500kbps.
•  The server delivering the file does not know or care that your video file is encoded at 500kbps; 
• it simply pushes data to the host machine as quickly as it can. This can sometimes give the illusion that the file is being streamed because playback can start as soon as enough of the file is available on the local machine.
•  This obviously restricts the users from skipping to parts of the file that have not yet been downloaded.

If the bandwidth available to the machine downloading the file is smaller than the encoded bit-rate there may be a wait before the file will start to play. For example, on a 56kbps dial-up modem, trying to play a file that is encoded at 500kbps you may have to wait a fairly long time before enough of the file has been downloaded for it to start playing. On a 500kbps internet connect, or faster, playback should start almost immediately and the file should download faster than it will play, meaning that playback will not have to stop because not enough data has been downloaded.

HTTP(Hypertext transport protocol) operates over TCP(Transport control protocol) which controls the actual transport of the packets over the network. TCP is optimized for guarantee of delivery, regardless of file format or size. If a packet is skipped during the transfer of a file, it will request a resend of that packet. Resend requests take time and bandwidth and could increase the load on the server. TCP is not designed for efficient real time delivery or careful bandwidth control, but for accurate and reliable delivery of every bit.

Delivering from a streaming server:

Effectively, a streaming server is a piece of software which deals with video requests. Unlike a standard web server delivering a video file over HTTP (progressive download), a streaming server opens a conversation with the local machine. There are two sides to this conversation, one is for transferring the video and the other is for control messages between the media player and the server. These control messages include commands such as ‘play’, ‘pause’, ‘stop’ and ‘seek’.

If you have a 56kbps connection, you will not be able to receive a stream encoded at 500kbps; you will have to settle for a lower quality video encoded for 56kbps connections. Streaming does however have many advantages.

1. You can begin video playback at any point of the video, or skip through the video as you see fit. This is very convenient for users.

2. It makes a lot more efficient use of bandwidth as you are only using bandwidth for part of the video that are actually watched as opposed to HTTP delivery where the whole file gets delivered.

3. The video file is not stored on the viewer’s computer – the video data is played and then discarded by the media player. This lets you maintain more control over your content.

Streaming servers use a specific set of protocols to deliver streams, such as RTSP(Real time streaming protocol), RTMP(Real time messaging protocol) and MMS(Microsoft media services). These protocols are all more suited to delivering video streams because they are more focussed with continuous delivery than they are with 100% accuracy. Unlike TCP, they do not send resend requests for missing packets but instead continue with the rest of the video file. The idea is that it is better to have a momentary glitch in audio or video than for the playback to stop altogether and wait for the missing data.

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5G Wireless System

Abstract of 5g Wireless System

5G   ( 5th generation mobile networks   or   5th generation wireless systems ) is a name used in some research papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the upcoming   4G   standards (expected to be finalized between approximately 2011 and 2013). Currently, 5G is not a term officially used for any particular specification or in any official document yet made public by telecommunication companies or standardization bodies such as   3GPP,   WiMAX   Forum or   ITU-R. New   3GPP   standard releases beyond 4G and   LTE Advanced   are in progress, but not considered as new mobile generations. The implementation of standards under a 5G umbrella would likely be around the year of 2020 .
5G Technology   stands for   5th Generation Mobile technology . 5G   technology   has changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never experienced ever before such a high value technology. Nowadays mobile users have much awareness of the cell phone (mobile) technology. The   5G technologies  include all type of advanced   features   which makes 5G technology most powerful and in huge demand in near future

Introduction of 5g Wireless System

5G technology going to be a new mobile revolution in mobile market. Through 5G technology now you can use worldwide cellular phones and this technology also strike the china mobile market and a user being proficient to get access to Germany phone as a local phone. With the coming out of cell phone alike to PDA now your whole office in your finger tips or in your phone. 5G technology has extraordinary data capabilities and has ability to tie together unrestricted call volumes and infinite data broadcast within latest mobile operating system.   5G technology   has a bright future because it can handle best technologies and offer priceless handset to their customers. May be in coming days 5G technology takes over the world market. 5G Technologies have an extraordinary capability to support Software and Consultancy. The Router and switch technology used in   5G network   providing high connectivity. The 5G technology distributes internet access to nodes within the building and can be deployed with union of wired or wireless network connections. The current trend of 5G technology has a glowing future.
The 5G terminals will have software defined radios and modulation schemes as well as new error-control schemes that can be downloaded from the Internet. The development is seen towards the user terminals as a focus of the 5G mobile networks. The terminals will have access to different wireless technologies at the same time and the terminal should be able to combine different flows from different technologies. The vertical handovers should be avoided, because they are not feasible in a case when there are many technologies and many operators and service providers. In 5G, each network will be responsible for handling user-mobility, while the terminal will make the final choice among different wireless/mobile access network providers for a given service. Such choice will be based on open intelligent middleware in the mobile phone.

Network Layer :

The network layer will be IP (Internet Protocol), because there is no competition today on this level. The IPv4 (version 4) is worldwide spread and it has several problems such as limited address space and has no real possibility for QoS support per flow. These issues are solved in IPv6, but traded with significantly bigger packet header. Then, mobility still remains a problem. There is Mobile IP standard on one side as well as many micro-mobility solutions (e.g., Cellular IP, HAWAII etc.). All mobile networks will use Mobile IP in 5G, and each mobile terminal will be FA (Foreign Agent), keeping the CoA (Care of Address) mapping between its fixed IPv6 address and CoA address for the current wireless network. However, a mobile can be attached to several mobile or wireless networks at the same time. In such case, it will maintain different IP addresses for each of the radio interfaces, while each of these IP addresses will be CoA address for the FA placed in the mobile Phone. The fixed IPv6 will be implemented in the mobile phone by 5G phone manufactures.
The 5G mobile phone shall maintain virtual multi-wireless network environment. For this purpose there should be separation of network layer into two sub-layers in 5G mobiles (Fig. ) i.e.: Lower network layer (for each interface) and Upper network layer (for the mobile terminal). This is due to the initial design of the Internet, where all the routing is based on IP addresses which should be different in each IP network world wide. The middleware between the Upper and Lower network layers (Fig. 3) shall maintain address translation from Upper network address (IPv6) to different Lower network IP addresses (IPv4 or IPv6), and vice versa.

Features

•  5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user and bi- directional large bandwidth shaping.
•  The advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology makes it more attractive and effective.
•  5G technology also providing subscriber supervision tools for fast action.
•  The high quality services of 5G technology based on Policy to avoid error.
•  5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which supporting almost 65,000 connections.
•  5G technology offer transporter class gateway with unparalleled consistency.
•  The traffic statistics by 5G technology makes it more accurate.
•  Through remote management offered by 5G technology a user can get better and fast solution.
•  The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology.

•  The 5G technology is providing up to 25 Mbps connectivity speed.
•  The 5G technology also support virtual private network.
•  The new 5G technology will take all delivery service out of business prospect
•  The uploading and downloading speed of 5G technology touching the peak.
The 5G technology network offering enhanced and available connectivity just about the world

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Google Glass

The emergence of Google Glass, a prototype for a transparent Heads-Up Display (HUD) worn over one eye, is significant. It is the first conceptualization of a mainstream augmented reality wearable eye display by a large company. This paper argues that Glass’s birth is not only a marketing phenomenon heralding a technical prototype, it also argues and speculates that Glass’s popularization is an instigator for the adoption of a new paradigm in human-computer interaction, the wearable eye display. Google Glass is deliberately framed in media as the brainchild of Google co-founder Sergey Brin. Glass’s process of adoption operates in the context of mainstream and popular culture discourses, such as the Batman myth, a phenomenon that warrants attention. Project Glass is a research and development program by Google to develop an augmented reality Head-Mounted Display (HMD). The intended purpose of Project Glass products would be the hands-free displaying of information currently available to most smartphone users, and allowing for interaction with the Internet via natural language voice commands. These glasses will have the combined features of virtual reality and augmented reality. Google glasses are basically wearable computers that will use the same Android software that powers Android smartphones and tablets. Google Glass is as futuristic a gadget we’ve seen in recent times. A useful technology for all kinds of people including handicapped/disabled.
Background

 Google Glass is a prototype for an augmented reality, heads-up display developed by Google X lab slated to run on the Android operating system (see Figure 1). Augmented reality involves technology that augments the real world with a virtual component . The first appearance of Glass was on Sergey Brin who wore it to an April 5, 2012 public event in San Francisco. Provocative headlines emerged such as “Google ‘Project Glass’ Replaces the Smartphone with Glasses” and “Google X Labs: First Project Glass, next space elevators?” . A groundswell of anticipation surrounds Glass because it implies a revolutionary transition to a new platform, even though release for developers is only planned for 2013. At the time of our writing this paper, it is not available for consumers who can only see it in promotional materials.    Heads-up eye displays are not new. The Land Warrior system, developed by the U.S. army over the past decade, for example, includes a heads-up eye display with an augmented reality visual overlay for soldier communication. Many well-known inventors have contributed eye display technology, research or applications over the past two decades including Steve Mann (Visual Memory Prosthetic), Thad Starner (Remembrance Agent), and Rob Spence (Eyeborg). Commercially, Vuzix is a company that currently manufactures transparent eye displays. Science fiction and popular references to the eye display are almost too numerous to list, but most are featured in military uses: Arnold Schwarzenegger’s Terminator from the 1984 film had an integrated head’s up display that identified possible targets, Tom Cruise’s Maverick in Top Gun had a rudimentary display to indicate an enemy plane’s target acquisition and current G-forces, and Bungie’s landmark video game series Halo features a head’s up display that gives the player real-time status updates on player enemy locations, shield levels, remaining ammunition and waypoint information. In most popular culture uses, a head’s up display is transparently overlaid upon the real world. However, in video games, the display is considered to be part of the entire game interface. While many film and television shows are adding HUDs to their storytelling to add a science fiction or futuristic feel, there is a movement in game development away from any artificial HUDs as many consider them to be “screen clutter” and block a player’s view of a created world. The video game Dead Space by Electronic Arts is an exemplar of this new style: traditional game information such as health and ammunition have been woven into character design, allowing for an unobstructed view.
 
How it Works?

  The device will probably communicate with mobile phones through Wi-Fi and display contents on the video screen as well as respond to the voice commands of the user. Google put together a short video demonstrating the features and apps of Google glasses. It mainly concentrates on the social networking, navigation and communication. The video camera senses the environment and recognizes the objects and people around. The whole working of the Google glasses depends upon the user voice commands itself.     Sergey Brin has been loosely associated with Batman since the fall of 2011, setting persuasive discursive grounds for actions that Google takes. A compelling character in the narrative that charts this technology’s emergence, the name “Sergey Brin” appears 713 times in the corpus of 1,000 print and online news articles about Google Glass. Often the story concentrates on Brin’s activities, comments, whereabouts, and future expectations amid news of a technology that only exists as an artifact of the press for the public. Rupert Till explains the definition of how an individual must amass popular fame in order to form a “cult of personality”: A celebrity is someone who is well known for being famous, and whose name alone is recognizable, associated with their image, and is capable of generating money. . . For a star to progress to a point where they are described as a popular icon requires their achievement of a level of fame at which they are treated with the sort of respect traditionally reserved for religious figures. In order to be described as a popular icon, a star has to become a religious figure, to develop their own personality cult and recruit followers. Benefits:
 Easy to wear and use.
 Sensitive and responsive to the presence of people.
 Fast access of maps, documents, videos, chats and much more.
 A new trend for fashion lovers together being an innovative technology.
 A spectacle based computer to reside directly on your eyes rather than in your pouch or pocket.
 A useful technology for all kinds of handicapped/disabled people

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Zenoss Core

Zenoss (Zenoss Core) is an open source application, server and network management platform based on the Zope application server. Released under the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2, Zenoss Core provides a web interface that allows system administrators to monitor availability, inventory/configuration, performance and events. Development of Zenoss Core began in 2002 and in August 2005 the corporate patron of the project Zenoss, Inc. was founded. Zenoss, Inc. sponsors the development of Zenoss Core and sells an enterprise version based on the core version. The Zenoss system provides full stack coverage of networks, servers, applications, services, and virtualization. Functionally, it provides complete operational awareness by combining discover and inventory, availability and performance monitoring, event management, and reporting

A small number of accessories methods exist to support network and network device management. Access methods include the SNMP, command-line interface (CLIs), custom XML, CMIP, Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), Transaction Language 1, CORBA, NETCONF, and the Java Management Extensions (JMX).Schemas include the WBEM, the Common Information Model, and MTOSI amongst others. Medical Service Providers provide a niche marketing utility for managed service providers; as HIPAA legislation consistently increases demands for knowledgeable providers. Medical Service Providers are liable for the protection of their clients confidential information, including in an electronic realm. This liability creates a significant need for managed service providers who can provide secure infrastructure for transportation of medical data

 

 

Why Zenoss Core?

Zenoss Core is a capable open source monitoring solution at no cost. There is Zenoss Enterprise Edition available at a price with more features, including WMI performance monitoring. Before Zenoss, WMI is used to monitor Windows servers and desktops for quite a while, but the challenge for WMI has always been finding a good interface to create reports, graphs, monitor, alert on thresholds, etc. Users used their own scripts combined with tools such as Cacti, Nagios, and even their own web interfaces to manage WMI data. But in zenoss core it come around, creating a ZenPack for Zenoss Core to monitor several key performance counters from Windows servers such as CPU utilization and queue, memory paging and usage, disk IOPS and queue length, terminal sessions and more. These monitors are completely agentless, unlike many other methods. The challenge with WMI is most stats are not provided as simple SNMP-type counters or gauges, but have to be calculated using two or more properties and often factor in the previous interval’s values. The result is a very accurate number, regardless of the time interval between queries. This is why most WMI monitoring scripts you’ll find only provide limited performance statistics.

 

Technology Overview

Zenoss Core combines original programming and several open source projects to integrate data storage and data collection processes with a web-based user interface.

Zenoss Core is built upon the following open source technologies:

• Zope Application server: An object-oriented web server written in Python.
• Python Extensible programming language.
• Net-SNMP: Monitoring protocol that collects systems status information.
• RRDtool: Graph and log time series data.
• MySQL: A popular open source database.
• Twisted: An event-driven networking engine written in Python.

Capabilities of Zenoss Core

 


Zenoss Core provides the following capabilities:

• Monitoring availability of network devices using SNMP, SSH, WMI
• Monitoring of network services (HTTP, POP3, NNTP, SNMP, FTP)
• Monitoring of host resources (processor, disk usage) on most network operating systems.
• Time-series performance monitoring of devices
• Extended Microsoft Windows monitoring via Windows Management Instrumentation using SAMBA and Zenoss open source extensions
• Event management tools to annotate system alerts
• Automatically discovers network resources and changes in network configuration
• Alerting system provides notifications based on rule sets and on-call calendars
• Supports Nagios plug-in format

Architecture and Technologies

Zenoss tables are stored in MYSQL database. There exists two tables. STATUS table for active events and HISTORY table for closed events.Authorised users can Acknowledge and / or Close events. Displayed fields can be controlled Sort events by clicking on column header.Can also configure event consoles for specific users limiting what is seen, by device, device class, event, Location, System, Group, ....Access to events from many parts of Zenoss with automatic filters applied; such as by device, by event type, by device type, by System.Events are colour-coded by severity: That will be based on the below given table

Benefits:

Zenoss Core’s faultless and quick discovery of all our devices, servers, clients, operating systems, applications and running processes was a delight to behold. On an ongoing basis and on a schedule we set, its discovery process automatically detected and logged changes to our network, including server configuration changes – a feature that even most commercial products lack. The related discovery-change reports showed helpful historical node, subnet or entire network-level inventory detail. Moreover, a Zenoss Core threshold monitors these changes and can issue an alert when the network configuration changes. However, Zenoss Core doesn’t support as many diverse devices as HPOpenView or Argent Extended Technologies, nor does it monitor Microsoft Exchange or SQL Server as closely as a commercial tool does

 

References

• http://www.zenoss.com/community/docs
• http://forums.zenoss.com/
• http://www.zenoss.com/community/
• “Zenoss Core Network and System Monitoring” by Michael Badger from PACKT

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E-Ball Technology

A new concept of pc is coming now that is E-Ball Concept pc. The E-Ball concept pc is a sphere shaped computer which is the smallest design among all the laptops and desktops. This computer has all the feature like a traditional computer, elements like keyboard or mouse., dvd, large screen display. E Ball is designed that pc is be placed on two stands, opens by pressing and holding the two buttons located on each side of the E-Ball pc , this pc is the latest concept technology. The E-Ball is a sphere shaped computer concept which is the smallest design among all the laptops and desktops have ever made. This PC concept features all the traditional elements like mouse, keyboard, large screen display, DVD recorder, etc, all in an innovative manner. E-Ball is designed to be placed on two stands, opens by simultaneously pressing and holding the two buttons located on each side. After opening the stand and turning ON the PC, pressing the detaching mouse button will allow you to detach the optical mouse from the PC body. This concept features a laser keyboard that can be activated by pressing the particular button. E-Ball is very small, it is having only 6 inch diameter sphere. It is having 120×120mm motherboard.

E Ball concept pc don't have any external display unit,it has a button when you press this button a projector will pop and it focus the computer screen on the wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys. If there is no wall then it has a paper sheet holder that divides into three pieces like an umbrella just after popping up,and it will show desktop on the paper sheet. Also, the E-Ball PC supports a paper holder and the paper sheet on the holder could act like a screen where you can watch movies or something. This concept PC will measure 160mm in diameter and it was designed for Microsoft Windows OS, sorry about the others. For the moment there is no word on pricing or when it’s going to be available, however, I am sure that everybody would like to see a small spherical PC like this one

Elements of E-Ball

Aren’t you tired of your PC? By his ugly shape and the way that it looks? Well, this is exactly what designer Apostol Tnokovski was feeling when he decided to create the smallest PC ever made. It’s not going to be like a PDA, it’s going to be a PC with all conventional components (mouse, keyboard, normal screen). The concept PC is called E-Ball and it’s shaped like a sphere because in Tnokovski’s opinion this is the best shape in nature and it draws everybody’s attention.E-Ball will feature a dual core processor, 250-500GB HDD, 2GB of RAM, integrated graphic card and sound card, 2 x 50W speakers, HD-DVD recorder, wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, LAN and WLAN card, modem, Web cam and integrated LCD projector.

Background

 

It contains wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, and LCD projector. It has around 350-600GB of Hard Disk Drive.

 

It contains 5GB RAM. It has two 50W speakers. It has LAN and WLAN card and a Web cam. When you want to carry it around you can easily “pack it” into a ball.

This is a futuristic concept, and this, I think, is how the future computers will look like.

This device has an optical keyboard and an holographic display. So you don’t have a physical keyboard and no monitor! Still, the mouse is physical but it fits in to the computer when you want to carry it around.

The bad thing about using a virtual keyboard is that you need a smooth surface, otherwise I don’t know how will you be able to use it.

It is strange enough to call this device a computer, because it is so small, but as far as I know it doesn’t lack any hardware part and tends to be a future machine found in any house or office.

I don’t know exactly how this computer will be powered but I think it will have a powerful battery so you will have a great stand by time.

 

                                             

Working of E-Ball :

E Ball concept pc don't have any external display unit, it has a button when you press this button a projector will pop and it focus the computer screen on the wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys.

 

 If there is no wall then it has a paper sheet holder that divides into three pieces like an umbrella just after popping up,and it will show desktop on the paper sheet.

 

Also, the E-Ball PC supports a paper holder and the paper sheet on the holder could act like a screen where you can watch movies or something.

 

This concept PC will measure 160mm in diameter and it was designed for Microsoft Windows OS, sorry about the others.

 

For the moment there is no word on pricing or when it’s going to be available, however, I am sure that everybody would like to see a small spherical PC like this one

E-Ball concept pc has a laser keyboard that is fully a concept keyboard that is visible when the pc is in working.

The keyboard is not physical - it is interpreted by lasers that appear after you press the respective button. It recognizes your fingers with the help of an IR sensor when you are typing at a particular place, while the mouse is a pop out wonder making this an exiting piece of technology.

The software interface of E-Ball concept pc is highly stylized with icons that can be remembered easily that support all type of windows operating system.

E-Ball concept pc work very easy while you are making video presentations, listening music watching large screen movies, and chatting on the net.

As years passes, the computer size is becoming smaller. This ball is known as E-Ball and its design is given by Apostol Tnokovski.

 He was trying to create the smallest PC in the world when he came across this idea. It is shaped like a sphere because in Tnokovski’s opinion this is the best shape in nature and it draws everybody’s attention. you'll see the pop-out laser mouse, a pico projector inside that illuminates either the wall or a sheet of paper for a screen, and that laser keyboard that would almost certainly be a clumsy input device. Fix that, and find a motherboard that’ll fit inside this palm-sized baby, and Apostol might be onto something here.

E-Ball will feature

• Dual core processor
• 250-500GB HDD.
• 2GB of RAM.
• integrated graphic card and sound card.
• 2 x 50W speakers, HD-DVD recorder.
• Wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard.
• LAN and WLAN card, modem.
• Web cam and integrated LCD projector.

(For more detail kindly contact us.. !)
(We are happy to help you..!)
(Drop Mail us : vmanadap(at)gmail(dot)com)

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Nvidia Tegra 250 Developer Kit Hardware

NVIDIA Tegra is a system-on-a-chip series developed by NVIDIA for mobile devices such as smart phones, personal digital assistants and mobile internet devices. Each Tegra is a "computer on a chip" which integrates the ARM architecture processor CPU, GPU, north bridge, south bridge and memory controller onto a single package. The series emphasizes low power consumption and high performance for playing video and audio. The series is classified into three parts –APX series, 6xx series and 2xx series . The first product of 2xx series is TEGRA 250 . Here ,the initial setup of Nvidia Tegra 250 Development kit is focused .This is designed to assist a new user in understanding the hardware , selecting an operating system to install to the devkit , and connect and configure the hardware to boot that operating system .

The first product of 2xx series is TEGRA 250 .It has the following specifications :-

 Processor: Dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore, up to 1 GHz
 Graphics: double 3D graphics performance of Tegra 600 series
 LP-DDR2 / DDR2
 1080p H.264/VC-1/MPEG-4 Video Decode
 1080p H.264 Video Encode
 JPEG encode and decode
 dual-display support
 camera support

Here ,the initial setup of Nvidia Tegra 250 Development kit is focused .This is designed to assist a new user in understanding the hardware , selecting an operating system to install to the devkit , and connect and configure the hardware to boot that operating system. The developer kit contains almost all the necessary hardwares required to install the particular OS and boot it to make use .This kit is a compact , smartbook-motherboard form factor computer-on-a-board with the following specifications :

 Dual ARM Cortex A9 CPU @1GHz
 1GB of RAM
 High-performance, shader-based 3D acceleration
 HD video encode and decode
 512MB of Flash memory
 Onboard wired Ethernet
 WiFi
 Bluetooth
 Analog stereo audio in/out
 USB keyboard/mouse/storage support
 HDMI/DVI-D and VGA/CRT display support
 Onboard SD(HC) slot

Devkit Contents and Hardware Requirements

Initially , the developer kit contain the following items:

 Devkit main board (rectangular circuit board containing the Tegra chip and connectors for networking, USB peripherals, storage and display devices)

 15V power adapter (USA 120V mains power connection)

 Adjustable, folding, threaded WiFi antenna

 Expansion board (smaller, square circuit board containing a serial port, LEDs and a few buttons) Items required to use the devkit, but not present in devkit :

 Host PC with USB ports. The exact OS that this host PC must be running may differ depending upon the devkit OS to be used, but is most frequently Microsoft Windows.

 USB mini (NOT micro, as with previous Tegra devkits) to USB cable (for device setup and connectivity)

 External display supporting VGA (15-pin D-Sub), HDMI or DVI (via HDMI-to-DVI adapter)

 SD card or USB-based “thumb drive” for additional storage

 USB mouse

 USB keyboard

Items provided by developer :

 Powered USB hub

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E Paper Technology

E-paper is a revolutionary material that can be used to make next generation I, electronic displays. It is portable reusable storage and display medium that look like paper but can be repeatedly written one thousands of times. These displays make the beginning of a new area for battery power information applications such as cell phones, pagers, watches and hand-held computers etc. Two companies are carrying our pioneering works in the field of development of electronic ink and both have developed ingenious methods to produce electronic ink. One is E-ink, a company based at Cambridge, in U.S.A. The other company is Xerox doing research work at the Xerox's Palo Alto Research Centre. Both technologies being developed commercially for electronically configurable paper like displays rely on microscopic beads that change color in response to the charges on nearby electrodes. Like traditional paper, E-paper must be lightweight, flexible, glare free and low cost. Research found that in just few years this technology could replace paper in many situations and leading us ink a truly paperless world.



Electronic ink is a pioneering invention that combines all the desired features of a modern electronic display and the sheer convenience and physical versatility of sheet of paper. E-paper or electronic paper is sometimes called radio paper or smart paper. Paper would be perfect except for one obvious thing: printed words can't change. The effort is to create a dynamic high-resolution electronic display that's thin and flexible enough to become the next generation of paper. The technology has been identified and developed is well under way. Within five years, it is envisioned electronic books that can display volumes of information as easily as flipping a page and permanent newspapers that update themselves daily via wireless broadcast. They deliver the readability of paper under b virtually any condition, without backlighting

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JAVA Ring

A Java Ring is a finger ring that contains a small microprocessor with built-in capabilities for the user, a sort of smart card that is wearable on a finger. Sun Microsystem's Java Ring was introduced at their Java One Conference in 1998 and, instead of a gemstone, contained an inexpensive microprocessor in a stainless-steel iButton running a Java virtual machine and preloaded with applets (little application programs). The rings were built by Dallas Semiconductor.


Workstations at the conference had "ring readers" installed on them that downloaded information about the user from the conference registration system. This information was then used to enable a number of personalized services. For example, a robotic machine made coffee according to user preferences, which it downloaded when they snapped the ring into another "ring reader."

Although Java Rings aren't widely used yet, such rings or similar devices could have a number of real-world applications, such as starting your car and having all your vehicle's components (such as the seat, mirrors, and radio selections) automatically adjust to your preferences.

The Java Ring is an extremely secure Java-powered electronic token with a continuously running, unalterable real-time clock and rugged packaging, suitable for many applications. The jewel of the Java Ring is the Java iButton -- a one-million transistor, single chip trusted microcomputer with a powerful Java Virtual Machine (JVM) housed in a rugged and secure stainless-steel case. The Java Ring is a stainless-steel ring, 16-millimeters (0.6 inches) in diameter, that houses a 1-million-transistor processor, called an iButton. The ring has 134 KB of RAM, 32 KB of ROM, a real-time clock and a Java virtual machine, which is a piece of software that recognizes the Java language and translates it for the user's computer system.

The Ring, first introduced at JavaOne Conference, has been tested at Celebration School, an innovative K-12 school just outside Orlando, FL. The rings given to students are programmed with Java applets that communicate with host applications on networked systems. Applets are small applications that are designed to be run within another application. The Java Ring is snapped into a reader, called a Blue Dot receptor, to allow communication between a host system and the Java Ring.

Designed to be fully compatible with the Java Card 2.0 standard the processor features a high-speed 1024-bit modular exponentiator fro RSA encryption, large RAM and ROM memory capacity, and an unalterable real time clock. The packaged module has only a single electric contact and a ground return, conforming to the specifications of the Dallas Semiconductor 1-Wire bus. Lithium-backed non-volatile SRAM offers high read/write speed and unparallel tamper resistance through near-instantaneous clearing of all memory when tampering is detected, a feature known as rapid zeroization. Data integrity and clock function are maintained for more than 10 years. The 16-millimeter diameter stainless steel enclosure accommodates the larger chip sizes needed for up to 128 kilobytes of high-speed nonvolatile static RAM. The small and extremely rugged packaging of the module allows it to attach to the accessory of your choice to match individual lifestyles, such as key fob, wallet, watch, necklace, bracelet, or finger ring!!!!!

A Java Ring--and any related device that houses an I Button with a Java Virtual Machine--goes beyond a traditional smart card by providing real memory, more power, and a capacity for dynamic programming. On top of these features, the ring provides a rugged environment, wear-tested for 10-year durability. You can drop it on the floor, step on it, forget to take it off while swimming and the data remains safe inside. Today iButtons are primarily used for authentication and auditing types of applications. Since they can store data, have a clock for time-stamping, and support for encryption and authentication, they are ideal for audit trails.

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